Pycnogenol

Pycnogenol, a trademarked name for a standardized preparation of maritime pine bark extract from Pinus pinaster, is primarily composed of proanthocyanidins. It has been investigated for various health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vascular functions. However, scientific studies, including a 2012 Cochrane Review updated in 2020, have found insufficient evidence to support its efficacy in treating any disease. Pycnogenol is noted for its potential in improving blood flow and blood glucose control, which could benefit conditions like erectile dysfunction and diabetes. It's also been studied for its role in reducing symptoms of chronic inflammation in autoimmune diseases. The extract contains 65%–75% procyanidins, similar to those in green tea and grape seed extract. Despite many human trials, some with industry funding, there is a lack of study replication and conclusive evidence. Pycnogenol's anti-inflammatory properties are confirmed in humans, but it's not the most potent anti-inflammatory agent. It's shown some efficacy in autoimmune diseases, particularly during remission phases. Its antioxidative properties have sparked interest in its potential to improve cognitive function and neuroprotection, especially in the context of aging and oxidative stress. Preliminary clinical trials suggest improvements in cognitive domains like attention and memory, but further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings. Despite its potential, more comprehensive studies are necessary to fully understand and validate the health benefits of Pycnogenol.