PQQ

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), also known as methoxatin, serves as a redox cofactor and antioxidant, displaying diverse actions in cellular processes. Initially considered a vitamin, PQQ's role in humans is not directly related to vitamin-like mechanisms. Acting as a REDOX agent in cells, PQQ exhibits antioxidant effects by reducing oxidants and undergoing recycling through glutathione. Notably stable, it associates with protein structures inside cells, resembling the behavior of certain antioxidants like carotenoids. Its REDOX functions can influence protein function and signaling pathways, particularly in mitochondria, where PQQ shows promise in increasing their quantity and efficiency. While considered a coenzyme in bacteria, this role does not extend to humans, leading to the acknowledgment that PQQ is 'vitamin-like' at best. Human evidence suggests potential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory roles, primarily in aging individuals. PQQ's main claim of enhancing mitochondrial function appears valid in otherwise healthy humans with supplementation. Animal studies hint at radioprotective effects, benefits to insulin resistance, and prolonged growth factor activity, emphasizing its multifaceted impact. Despite its potential to modify signaling and act as an intracellular antioxidant, certain properties of PQQ may not fully translate to humans, warranting further research.

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) has garnered attention as a potential cognitive enhancer, particularly in healthy older adults experiencing self-reported increases in forgetfulness. A study involving daily supplementation of 21 mg of PQQ demonstrated improvements in several cognitive function markers compared to a placebo. While the exact mechanisms of PQQ's impact on the brain are still under investigation, positive outcomes observed in animal experiments, such as increased neuronal growth, have fueled interest in its cognitive benefits. Despite this, research on the effects of PQQ on human cognition remains limited, prompting further exploration of its potential as a cognitive enhancer in diverse populations.

The appropriate dosage of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) in milligrams (mg) can vary based on individual factors and the specific product. Common dosages typically range from 10 mg to 20 mg per day. It's important to follow the recommended dosage instructions provided by the product manufacturer for precise dosing. Individual responses to PQQ may differ, so starting with a lower dose and gradually increasing it while monitoring for potential effects or benefits is a prudent approach. Consulting with a healthcare professional is advisable, particularly if you have specific cognitive, cardiovascular, or metabolic concerns, as they can offer personalized guidance on the most suitable dosage for your unique health needs.