Insulin Isophane, also known as NPH (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn) insulin, is a type of intermediate-acting insulin used in the management of diabetes mellitus. It is designed to help control blood sugar levels in people with diabetes by mimicking the body's natural insulin release more closely than short-acting insulins but with a duration that is not as long as long-acting insulins.
The onset of action for Insulin Isophane typically occurs within 1 to 2 hours after injection, with a peak effect happening 4 to 12 hours post-injection. Its effects can last up to 18 to 24 hours, making it suitable for controlling blood sugar throughout the day and particularly useful for managing overnight glucose levels. This intermediate duration of action is achieved through the addition of protamine, a protein that slows down the insulin's absorption and prolongs its action.
Insulin Isophane is often used in combination with short-acting insulin preparations for a more comprehensive insulin regimen. This allows for both immediate and sustained insulin action, catering to both meal-related glucose spikes and baseline insulin needs.
Patients using Insulin Isophane must regularly monitor their blood glucose levels to adjust their doses accordingly, in consultation with their healthcare provider. The dose and timing of Insulin Isophane injections depend on individual factors such as the patient's diet, activity level, and the presence of other health conditions.
As with any insulin therapy, potential side effects of Insulin Isophane include hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), allergic reactions at the injection site, and weight gain. Proper education on the signs of hypoglycemia and how to manage it is crucial for anyone using insulin therapy.
Insulin Isophane's role in diabetes management highlights the importance of tailored insulin therapies that align with the patient's lifestyle and the body's needs, contributing to the overall goal of maintaining blood glucose levels within a healthy range.