Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral found in varying concentrations in soil, water, and certain foods. In terms of health, fluoride plays a crucial role in dental care by promoting tooth enamel strength and helping to prevent tooth decay. It is particularly beneficial during the formative years of tooth development. While fluoride occurs naturally, water fluoridation is a public health measure implemented to adjust fluoride levels in tap water, aiming to reach the optimal concentration for dental health without causing harm. This process has been widely endorsed by health organizations and professionals worldwide as a safe and effective means to reduce the incidence of tooth decay. Despite concerns raised about potential neurotoxicity, the overwhelming scientific consensus supports its safety and efficacy. The level of fluoride added to tap water is carefully monitored to stay within recommended limits, and numerous studies have demonstrated its positive impact on oral health.
The National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted a thorough review on fluoride exposure and its impact on neurodevelopment and cognition in humans. The NTP report underwent peer reviews by the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM). In both assessments, the NASEM committee noted that the NTP had not sufficiently supported its conclusions to classify fluoride as a cognitive neurodevelopmental hazard for humans.