Bitter Cucumber

Citrullus colocynthis, commonly known as bitter cucumber, is a fruit-bearing plant with a rich history in traditional medicine spanning centuries. In Arabian traditional medicine, colocynth, derived from the Arabic الْحَنْظَل‎ al-Ḥanẓal, served a multitude of purposes, functioning as a laxative, diuretic, and remedy for insect bites. The powder of colocynth was applied externally in combination with aloes, unguents, or bandages, showcasing its versatility. Troches made from colocynth, bdellium, and gum tragacanth, known as "troches of alhandal" or Trochisci Alhandalæ, were utilized as a laxative. In traditional Arab veterinary medicine, the sap of colocynth found application in treating skin eruptions in camels. Similarly, in Palestine, it was employed to address constipation, scabies, and postpartum inflammation in various livestock, including sheep, cows, goats, and chickens. Notably, low doses of colocynth seeds and fruit have been associated with the ability to reduce blood glucose levels, although caution is warranted as higher doses may lead to side-effects such as colonic inflammation and rectal bleeding. The historical and diverse applications of bitter cucumber underscore its significance in traditional medicinal practices.

Based on limited human evidence, it is suggested that a daily oral intake of 100mg of seed or dry pulp extract, divided into three doses, totaling 300mg, may be effective in lowering blood glucose and enhancing lipid levels. However, it is important to note that the traditional 'recommended' dose for Citrullus colocynthis ranges from 300 to 800mg. It is crucial to exercise caution within this dosage range, as higher amounts, especially towards the upper limit, have been linked to the risk of severe intestinal inflammation.